In 1802, Dr. William Cruickshank designed the first electric battery capable of mass production. Cruickshank had arranged square sheets of copper, which he soldered at their ends, together with sheets of zinc of equal size. These sheets were placed into a long rectangular wooden box that was sealed with cement. Grooves in the box held the metal plates in position. The box was then filled with an electrolyte of brine, or watered down acid.

    The alkaline accumulators have a large staying power and mechanical strength. They are not affected shaking, jerks and blows, heavy currents, short discharges and don't deteriorate under short-term circuits. The exploitation of alkaline accumulators is not concerned with deleterious fumes, like "mist" of sulphuric acid resulting during charge of lead accumulators. The alkaline accumulators need less maintenance in comparison with lead accumulators. Even in case of poor maintenance alkaline accumulators deteriorate more seldom than lead one.

Ni-Cd (nickel-cadmium)
Ni-Fe (nickel-iron)
Ni-Mh (nickel-metal-hydride)
Li-ion (lithium-ion)
Pb-H (lead-acid)
Ag-Zn (silver-zinc)
The fuel cells

    History of Battery Development